The roundtable was jointly organized by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and the Centre for Policy Research on the side-lines of the BMGF’s Reinvent the Toilet Fare. The roundtable brought together senior policy makers, city and state level implementers, technocrats and sector experts to brainstorm around the need to have alternative institutional, technological and governance models for transforming the urban sanitation sector in all aspects of the value chain, if the NUSP vision is to be achieved. The proceedings from the roundtable is presented here.